Packet Generator Essays (904 words) - Network Performance

Packet Generator When it comes to real-world network throughput, there are as many opinions about network performance as there are network installations. Every network site is unique, and the performance of the network is a function of the number of stations contending for access to the Ethernet, the type of hardware in use (station interfaces, switches), the layout of the cables (are they the right type, right length, and do they meet the configuration guidelines?), the quality of the cable installation and the mix of applications. However, with the ever-increasing number of networks, the traffic over the Internet is going to be saturated and performance will be down. In light of this problem, the testing, simulating and troubleshooting of a network device become very important. Therefore, in order to develop a more efficient and effective method, the project's goals is ? To provide the users more functions and flexibility in terms of the packet arrival pattern and the packet size generation. ? To assess network or the network component's ability to support the given traffic load in terms of packet loss, delay, delay jitters etc. ? To source and sink real-time multicast/unicast UDP/IP traffic flows with optional support for operation with ISI's "rsvpd". ? To transmit, receive and log time-stamped, sequence numbered packets. ? To provide a traffic controller using the Leaky Bucket method. INTRODUCTION Informations Technology personnel often look to network benchmark tests to measure monitor and predict the performance of the LANs. This is especially valuable in the case of high-performance backbones that continually support a large number of users and consistently high traffic volumes. However, the current technology of packet generator is very limited in functionality and usage. The project will aim to increase the flexibility of the packet generator in the following areas: ? Increase the range of options and flexibility with regards to the packet transmission pattern. ? Instead of just specifying the packet size, the user would be able to specify the distribution function he/she wants to be implemented. ? Add a traffic controller module to control the number of generated packets that is being sent to the network. ? Implementing the leaky bucket method and combining it with the dropping method for the traffic controller. HIGHER-LEVEL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM CONCEPT OF LEAKY BUCKET DROPPING METHOD LEAKY BUCKET ALGORITHM Background Our project was actually spawned from the idea of MGEN. It was actually designed and developed by The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Multi-Generator or MGEN is currently running on most operating systems, namely SunOS 4.1.x, Solaris 2.x, Intel-based Linux, NetBSD, etc. Furthermore, MGEN is a specific set of software that provides the ability to generate and receive packets through the network base on an input script file. However, the MGEN script is very limited in terms of its flexibility and functionality. For example, packet arrival generation can only be set to either a Periodic or a Poisson Distribution. Therefore, in order to exploit the MGEN's full capability, a Data Flow On command can be further developed. These two distributions do not represent the real time traffic flow in the network. Therefore, our project will involved developing this MGEN code and coding it in C language so that its packet generator pattern will have few more distributions that better represent a network flow. Among the distribution functions we will include are Exponential, Uniform Distribution, Gamma Distribution etc. In addition, the packet size is to be changed from a fixed value to a varying amount of packet sizes. Also, we have to include the Traffic controller so that we will be able to control the new traffic flow generated by different distributions. As a result, the implementation of leaky bucket will be necessary in order to achieve this goal. Strategic Plan Proposed Approach Our first objective is to work on the packet generator module, study and develop the MGEN code, which was coded in C program. We will choose to run and develop our project on SunOS machines. Using the inputs specified by the users, MGEN will generates packets pattern to the network. The second step is to introduce different distribution functions and add them to the source code in the form of modules. So far, the Exponential and Uniform distribution are the two distributions to be added. Depending upon the progress of the project, we might implement more distributions like gamma and normal. At the same time, the code will be written such that users can control and change packet sizes accordingly. The flexibility on packet size is essential because packet size is not constant in the real

Naturalist essays

Naturalist essays As written by author Edward O. Wilson As my first introduction into the memoir genre of literature, Naturalist was grand in its content, interesting, and thought provoking. The combination of anecdotes of early childhood and the complexity of bio-classification and biochemistry is an exhilarating workout of emotions and mind. As much as the entirety of the book was enjoying, the most enthralling, by far, was the tales of adventure in the stages of his early childhood. I was able to relate to his journeys because I too explored the tidal regions of the Gulf coast in Perdido Bay. Any person in the world can think back to their childhood and empathize with the emotions of excitement of the unknown that Wilson had. This touched me on an emotional level. For example, his endless explorations on the beach during all hours of the day and the first sight of large enigmatic creatures that had never existed in his mind until that moment sparked my memory and emotions. The situations that were most intriguing were the incident with the pinfish skewering his eye and the crocodile attack on his inspiration and colleague, Philip Jackson Darlington. As horrific as they were, the mood made the situations comical. It was obvious, by looking at these childhood memories of Wilsons, that he would grow up to be a scientist, more specifically a biologist. He showed so much interest in capture and classification and wanting to learn everything he could about animals he found, its no wonder he ended up in the field he is presently in. Not as exciting as they very first part, but interesting in its own right was Wilsons adventures in classification. Not only do you get to know the character and his hard-working values, but also you understand his passions. I found it fascinating that he found a new species of ant. This is astonishing to me. The discovery of a new species that will be recognized around th ...

Air Pollution Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Air Pollution - Coursework Example This essay explores significant impacts global warming has. First, increase in global temperature can accelerate the melting of polar ice, and this can result in flooding of coastal areas. In addition, global warming can affect crops by upsetting their optimal temperature. Perhaps most significant, global warming can cause an increase in pests or diseases that can affect crops and animals. Other economic areas such as tourism that rely on snow such as Alpine regions will also suffer due to global warming. Reducing carbon emissions is one of the best approaches to reducing global warming. Many factors cause global warming, but carbon emissions are the most significant causal factor. To reduce global warming, industrialized nations and developing nations must cut down on their carbon emissions by reducing reliance on fossil fuels. This will call for a shift from the use of fossil fuel such as coal and oil to the exploitation of green energy such as solar and hydropower. This strategy c an help reduce the rate of global warming.

Discrete Math Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discrete Math Project - Essay Example ed on the multiplication of the Leslie Matrix and the Population vector, institutions managing wildlife are able to project the population of a particular species to determine the translocations and reintroductions, for example, the population growth of helmeted honeyeater in Australia. Additionally, the model projects male and female components of the spices population where g age-specific data for female and male species are available (Webpages.uidaho.edu). The Leslie Matrix model is also applied in calculating age-specific survival and fecundity that determine the reproductive value from a specific multi-year census. Consequently, the model is important to the wildlife management’s population viability analysis (PVA), which is used to determine the threats or risks to a specific species in the wildlife. Using the equation, t+1= ÃŽ » t where ÃŽ » is replaced with the age-specific survival and fecundity rates, the institutions managing wildlife are able to determine survival and reproductive value for each species (Webpages.uidaho.edu). The model is further applied in wildlife management in the control of invasive species where the survival and reproductive value is low for a specific

Operational Management Kaplan Nortan Generic Map Essay Example for Free

Operational Management Kaplan Nortan Generic Map Essay In Kaplan Norton Generic Strategy map, one perspective is the learning and growth perspective. Explain the significance of this perspective. Write the requirement of the perspective in detail and what outcome can be achieved if it is followed. Significance * Learning and growth strategies are important for the long term development of the firm * Learning and growth perspective defines the intangible assets which are needed to enable the activities and customer relationships to be performed at high level * It includes measurement for people (employee retention, training, skills, morale) * It also measure critical real time information needed for front line employees * The chain of cause and effect relationships tend to cause improvements in business processes , which in turn cause improvements in sales and financial measurement of profitability. The direction of cause and effects relationship can be emphasized as: Learning and growth  º Internal business process  º Customer  º Financial * It continuously develop and deliver new innovative products and services * Organization innovation and learning perspective is used to maintain infrastructure needed for long term growth and improvements. Learning and Growth perspective: In learning and growth perspective organizations purpose is â€Å"to achieve its mission and how it will sustain its ability to change and improve† it defines the intangible assets that are needed to enable activities and customer relationship to be performed at high levels of performance so that the firm can serve its customer well. This perspective is also the base of forming strategy if base is well structured and aligned with the organizational objective strategy can prove itself more effective. It is important important for the long term development of the firm. Requirements Requirements of learning and growth perspective are listed below: * Strategic competencies * Strategic technologies * Climate for action Strategic competencies: Strategic competencies are the strategic skills and knowledge required by the work force to support the strategy. Strategy itself is of no use until unless supported and implemented by the workforce of the organization. Employees should be involved in decision making so that they considered themselves a part of the firm and take rational decisions about .If some employee is doing well for the organization firm should reward him and give him recognition for the job that he has performed well this thing gives us the concept of motivation it is the driving force that drives a person to achieve its objective. Strategic Technologies: These are the materials and process technologies, information system, databases, tools, and network required to support the strategy. Once strategy is made now it requires some technical software tools for its processing it can be some software that enable the work force to reduce times in the operations of the business. An organization can gain competitive edge over its competitors by using technologies. Climate for actions: Climate for action provides the cultural shifts needed to motivate, empower, and align the workforce behind the strategy . it’s the course of action that how organization is going to align its strategic competencies, strategic technologies with each other . organization matches its abilities with its strategies and oversees if it can perform as they have made the strategy. It’s a point where organization checks its strategic fit between the organizational plan and resources employed for it . It accesses the climate prior to the action . Outcomes As it focuses on intangible assets of the firm mainly on the internal skills and capabilities of the employees that are required to support the value creating internal processes. It also describes how technology people are combined to support the strategy and if it is implemented it can lead in the improvement in the internal processes, customers, and financial perspective

do children owe their parents? :: essays research papers

There is a question that I have been thinking of: â€Å"Do I owe something to my mom and dad†? – Who knows†¦ Sometimes we might think that we owe them a lot, but then other times we might think â€Å"Why should I do something for them? I have my own life. I have lots of to do without taking care of my folks†. But then again, how can I leave them in trouble when they are the same bloods? I look like them and most importantly I love them. It depends on the relationship between parents and kids when deciding if we owe them something or not. Children who felt loved, had lots of attention from a mother and father growing up will try to treat them the same way, instinctively paying back good for good. In families without strong connections, kids will very simply forget about their parent’s existence. They may believe that no one asked their parents to have them. No one asked them if they wanted to be born they had no choice. Two adults wanted to have kids and they had them. It was their choice to be responsible and raise the next generation. Then if look at the nature, you would not find creatures who would do something to support their parents after they grew up. We are just one of many creatures in this universe. Why it should be different for us? Humans are most developed creatures on the earth with feelings, lots of knowledge, procreating their kind, taking care of each other. So isn’t it most important to look after the people who are close to you? And only then look after the others? Why do we forget that sometimes?.. Parents are the first people who deserve your attention. Through the years they put so much effort and passion the way they can, to protect us from bad. We know that mom and dad will be next to us even if we get in trouble or lose everything. They still will be the ones to help us as much as they can. They will find space in their home for us to stay. For this reason we should be so thankful to them and pay for it in advance. However there are big differences between cultures and countries. For example in my country, Lithuania, parents are taking care on their kids until â€Å"babies† can really support themselves.

Literature Naturalism in Huck Finn Research Paper

Man versus Nature In the story â€Å"The adventure of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, many of the characters were facing some tough choices which were to either do what society believed in or do what they believed is right. Among the people that was mostly dominated by such choices, Huck Finn was the most critical character to always have to make these choices. In many occasions, he found himself on the spot to satisfy society but denied to do so because he does not care of what society think of him. Referring to the story can better help discussing the concept of man v. ociety that is so prevalent in Huckleberry Finn. The concept of man versus society that is so prevalent in Huckleberry Finn can be seen in many aspects. Huckleberry Finn in a way faces many aspects of society, which gives him the struggle of choosing his own individuality over society. In the beginning of the novel, Huck practically raises himself and relies on his instincts to guide him through his life on E arth. In the world as Huckleberry Finn views it, society has corrupted the notion of justice and morality  to fit the needs of its people in the nation at a particular period of time.In the very beginning of the novel † the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn† Huck plainly states that he did not wish to conform to society. Huckleberry Finn states that â€Å" the widow Douglas she took me for her son , and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and descent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldn't stand it no longer, I lit out. I got into my old rags, and my sugar-hogshead again and was free and satisfied†( Mark Twain 102).Huck did not really want to live that civilize life miss Watson was trying to get him to lived. she would constantly give him direct orders like † don't put your feet up there Huckleberry† and † don't scrunch up like that , Huckleberry -set up stra ight † (102). she tried tirelessly to get Huck to be the way society expect him to be. it just wasn't working. After realizing this component of Huck’s personality, we can further identify the development of Huck as an individual that is outside of societies liking.We find next in the book that Huck’s own instincts tend to hold him in a higher moral standard than those of society. We first see this in the novel with Huckleberry’s decision to help free Jim, a known slave, is an example of one such occurrence. Huckleberry Finn recognizes Jim as a human being, but is actually fighting the beliefs bestowed upon him by society that believes slaves should not be free. However, it is even more important to realize though that Huckleberry’s decision creates the conflict between society and him.But, what Huckleberry Finn does not realize is that his decision defines his personal justice, the righteousness, and even the heroism of his own self that is develop ing. when Jim was captured, he decided that he will do the right thing by sending miss Watson a letter to tell her where her nigger was. He sat and think of all the bad thing that he had done and he mentioned how society think of helping a slave to escape was sin. Despite all of that thinking, his words were † All right, then, I'll go to hell† (239). Most of the time, society set the rules of how people suppose to live their live.In the face of the majority, you will be considered as immoral, out of order, miss-behave if one fail to follow those clear paths that been set. after reading this story, it is clear for one to see that he/she can distinguish his/herself from society. We can follow our own path just like Huck, and do what we think is right even if it hurt society. 01 November 2012Works Cited Twain, Mark. â€Å"The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. † Vol. 2. The Norton Anthology. Ed. Nina Baym. Shorter seventh edition ed. New York: Norton & Company, 1884. Print.